The United States Geological Survey (USGS) recently estimated that if logging did not occur in the Tongass, then Alaskan forest carbon storage could increase by about 27% by the end of the century. Within these schools, there were reports of physical and sexual abuse, and children were beaten for speaking their native langauages, according to a University of Alaska study on the long-term effect of boarding schools on Alaska Natives. 550 W. 7th Ave, Suite 1360 Anchorage, AK 99501-3557 Phone: (907) 269-8400 Fax: (907) 269-8901 TTY: Dial 711 or 800-770-8973 He has become a powerful voice at home and abroad for doing everything possible to cut emissions. Whether at the gas station, dock, or any social gathering, salmon, and the distribution of it, is as interwoven with their culture as the lands and seas they rely upon. For tribal representatives, this rollback on protections jeopardizes their cultural traditions and way of life, as well as the biodiverse habitats that attract millions of tourists to Southeast Alaska each year, bolstering the local economy. Tongass National Forest stretches across nearly 17 million acres of land in southeast Alaska and is home to a lush vibrant ecosystem. The rule, dating to 2001, has long been a focus of litigation. So it was a surprise to see the U.S. Forest Service as if in a time warp recently working counter to that approach in the vast Tongass National Forest of southeast Alaska. A comprehensive approach to conservation in Southeast Alaska ranging from diverse estuaries to cathedral rainforests of the Tongass National Forest is paying off. Soil will become less most & more dry with fewer trees. The wholesale destruction of our imperiled planet's most life-sustaining forests has to stop Anthropologist and former. These maps provide a record of how development has affected the Tongass, and it also points us forward. At nearly. Image Credit: Phillip Gladkov When you walk. In Alaska, salmon are also a keystone species, meaning that many other species in the ecosystem depend on them. Deforestation would harm the tribes' cultures and food sources, it . At the COP26 summit, the president stressed the importance of preserving forests to fight climate change but critics say his policies tell another story. Completed in partnership with Audubon Alaska, using information shared by the Forest Service, the State of Alaska, the U.S. We're doing our best to get things working smoothly! The Trump administration on Wednesday moved to open Alaska's Tongass National Forest the world's largest intact temperate rainforest to logging and other development, obliterating protections for a national forest that President Theodore Roosevelt established more than a century ago. The Tongass National Forest consists of rain forests, glaciers and icefields, spectacular scenery, mountains, waterways and thousands of islands separated by straits and channels. Delivering the mission. Tag. Equity Action Plan. Sincerely, He announced a transition away from further logging of Tongass old growth, with the Forest Service rapidly implementing this change. Some old-growth trees in the Tongass are hundreds of years old, so it would take a very long time for the forest to regain such a huge amount of carbon, Law explained. Many watersheds in Southeast where development such as logging and road building has occurred can benefit from active habitat management. The Tongass National Fores t is a 17 million-acre forest representing about 90 percent of the southeastern panhandle of Alaska, making it the entire U.S.'s largest national forest. Much like the trees of the Amazon rainforest, the Tongass's stands of ancient trees are champions at absorbing greenhouse gas emissions. The Tongass is the largest national forest in the United States and offers the potential to gain carbon sequestration credits that can be traded on carbon trading exchanges. You can hike through dense forest, alpine meadow, or on a wooden "boardwalk" trail through peat bogs called muskegs. Image Credit: Phillip Gladkov. The forest is an ecological treasure and needs to be protected from commercial logging, construction, and other deforestation. The Tongass, which is managed by the United States Forest Service, encompasses islands of the . Rainforests are carbon sinks. The nutrient-rich waters of the Tongass produce about 50 millionsalmonvalued at $60 million annually, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). President Donald Trump has asked his agriculture secretary to provide a regulations exemption in order to open millions of acres of protected land within Alaska's Tongass National Forest to "potential logging, energy and mining projects," The Washington Post reported Tuesday. No, I'm not making that up. Almost 90% of all trees cut on the Tongass National Forest are exported as whole, round log exports at a loss of millions of dollars to American taxpayers. The Tongass National Forest of Southeast Alaska is home to part of the Emerald Edge the largest intact temperate rainforest remaining on Earth. Feature Classes: Abstract: Tongass Landslide Areas. At 17 million acres, Alaska's Tongass is the largest U.S. national forest and the world's largest remaining temperate rainforest. In this July 31, 2013, file photo, tourists visiting the Mendenhall Glacier in the Tongass National Forest are reflected in a pool of . The Obama Administration accepted the clear cut . With President-Elect Joe Biden publicly claiming he will be a climate change pioneer while in office, Joel Jackson is hopeful that he will keep the roadless rule in place. Whole, round log exports in the Tongass. Tongass is the largest national forest in USA (In Alaska) which absorbs about 8% of CO2 of all the US forests. Next more thermal energy is left in the atmosphere. There are still Alaska Native elders that talk about these boarding schools, Anderson says. According to one analysis, the logging proposed under the agencys plan would release carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to about 4 million additional vehicles annually. We need the Tongass National Forest to combat climate change and the only way to preserve it is to reinstate the Roadless Rule. The Tongass is also the largest National Forest in the United States, covering 16.7 million acres and stretching across mountains, bays, glaciers, 1,000 islands, 18,000 miles of coastline, and almost all of mainland Southeast Alaska. Its a comprehensive synthesis of existing information on the Tongass forest and its biology. WASHINGTON, Nov. 19, 2021 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today announced it is taking steps to repeal the 2020 Alaska Roadless Rule and restore protections to more than nine million acres of inventoried roadless areas on the Tongass National Forest. Alaska Natives have made a home among its meandering streams and lush vegetation for thousands of years. Tongass is Alaska's first line of climate defense. Tongass _Landslide_Areas. This happened to an entire generation of our people.. 4.) A vast swath of woodland that stretches along the southeast Alaskan coast and inland over more that 17 million acres (70,000 square km), the Tongass is one of the last temperate rainforests on. To Joel Jackson, tribal president of the Organized Village of Kake, no one is more interested in the future prosperity of these lands than the Indigenous first peoples of Alaska: Our lands and waters provide us with our food, our cultural resources, the ability to practice our way of life, Jackson says. These are everyday experiences in the Tongass National Forest. Photograph: Rafe Hanson "Six decades of predatory logging has imperiled the . The 17 million acre forest, is home to over 400 different species of animal and marine wildlife. Mist hangs in the air in the Tongass National Forest in September 2020. In 2018, some 19 million board feet of timber were cut in the Tongass, down from more than 100 million board feet in 1999, two years before the roadless rule took effect. The purpose of the data is to provide soil information for project-level and forest-level planning on the Tongass National Forest. www.defenders.org Alaska Field Office 441 West 5th Avenue, Suite 302 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 907.276.9453 National . Your swift action is appreciated. Image Credit: Marina Anderson. Some 195 nations agreed on the urgency of the threat. Let these tribes continue to thrive & live their lives. For Alaska Natives, healthy old-growth forests and salmon streams are integral to the future of their communities. That includes the forest, the beaches, the sky, and our totem poles and carvings come from the old growth, red and yellow cedar trees., Yahguudang, a Haida phrase that means respect for all living beings, has driven the cultural, environmental, political, and business decisions of the Haida people for more than 10,000 years. Mike Dunleavy said in hisState of the State address in January. Image Credit: Michael Ryan Clark. Rivers run wild with salmon and trout, and tourists flock to miles of sandy shoreline and misty fjords. In the Tongass rainforest, the Forest Service has clung to the old-school logging of some of the most biologically rich, scenically stunning and carbon-dense forests on Earth. In the Tongass rainforest, the Forest Service has clung to the old-school logging of some of the most biologically rich, scenically stunning and carbon-dense forests on Earth. The Tongass National Forest is the crown jewel of the country's national forest system. 5.) These timber "sales" have been, as I alluded to, giveaways, with the Forest Service selling old growth trees for less than the price of a hamburger. At the same time, we're working to sustain local economies and maintain the quality of life valued by people who live and work in the region. Every year, one of natures great marvels unfolds within the nutrient-rich freshwater streams of the Tongass: Millions of salmon return to spawn. Machen Sie das auch? Change.org Uh oh. We're not ready to lose more of our home right now.. More than 80 percent of the region is included in the Tongass National Forest -- the nation's largest -- but public ownership does not guarantee that conservation and restoration lead forest policy. There is a trade-off between logging and healthy salmon populations, Berner says. What the state courts decision signals for other similar cases. Roughly 5000 streams, and multiple salmon runs. "In 2001 Alaska's timber industry had over 500 million board feet of manufacturing capacity in Southeast Alaska, but now over 80% of that 2001 manufacturing capacity has been starved out of business and the remaining manufacturers are barely surviving at a small fraction of their capacity," wrote a coalition of business leaders in a letter to the U.S. Forest Service. Utah dismisses youth climate case. By destroying a large amount of rainforest causes a huge amount of Carbon to be released into the atmosphere. Image Credit: Marina Anderson, The lack of access to the materials that we live in balance with leads to the further genocide of our people, our culture, and us not being able to hand down our traditions, Anderson says. But its a vital one. Image Credit: Michael Ryan Clark. 70,000 people call it home. conservation officers in August 6.) Marina Anderson highlighted the fact that Alaska Natives are fighting to reclaim their ancestral culture and identity, and this is innately tied to stewardship of natural resources. Stop the global warming, soil erosion & flooding of waterways. Brown bear, black bear, wolves and Sitka black-tailed deer thrive in this landscape, and it is one of the planet's greatest wild salmon nurseries. The Tongass Rainforest of Alaska is the traditional homelands of the Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian Peoples; the largest national forest in the U.S.; and has been called 'America's climate forest' due to its unsurpassed ability to sequester carbon and mitigate climate impacts. A little more than half of Tongass National Forest is now open to being destroyed. argument that many scientists disagree with: U.S. Forest Services draft environmental impact statement, carbon absorption rate accelerates as the tree ages, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 90% of rural households in Southeast Alaska consume salmon. |. In Paris last December, the world turned a major corner on climate change. Black bears are common as well as mountain goats and moose. It is the nation's largest national forest and one of the world's last relatively intact temperate rainforests and thus it has global significance2. The Tongass is the nation's largest national forest and covers most of Southeast Alaska, surrounding the famous Inside Passage and offers unique chances to view eagles, bears, spawning salmon, and the breath-taking vistas of "wild" Alaska. Over eight million hectares in size, it is the earth's largest remaining temperate rainforest. However, Alaska state officials are welcoming the decision to reverse the roadless rule. These lands continue to support living traditions of Native people as they have for thousands of years. Wildlife no longer valued. Roads and logging may disrupt that system and also introduce new sediment and pollutants to the mix. Tongass National Forest covers most of the Alaska panhandle and is the largest publicly owned forest in the United States. I think the whole country is watching very closely to see what Biden will do, Jackson says. The Tongass National Forest in Southeast Alaska is our nation's largest national forest, nearly 17 million acres in size. We helped found theSustainable Southeast Partnership,a diverse network of organizations and individuals working together to reach cultural, ecological and economic prosperity. This inventory includes all mass wasting features--including talus slopes, snow avalanche fields . October 28, 2020 at 11:50 a.m. EDT. required under new national forest regulations. The Tongass National Forest's trees hold about 650 million tons of carbon, which convert to about half of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions in 2017. The Trump administration this . The forest is primarily made up of western red cedar, sitka spruce, and western hemlock. Biden Administration begins to Restore Protections for Alaska's Tongass National Forest. This was met with high praise from the public and from scientists like me, but at the agency level, his initiative stalled. Trump's last decision comes just days . 2022 The Nature Conservancy Diese Seite ist durch reCAPTCHA geschtzt und es gelten die Google. In 2019, the U.S. Forest Service released a summary of public comments which were overwhelmingly supportive of keeping the roadless protections in place. A New Vision for a Sustainable Future in Southeast Alaska. To manage or opt-out of receiving cookies, please visit our, Get text updates from The Nature Conservancy. Tongass National Forest is a massive yet fragile treasurelogging and slicing roads into it will set off horrifying effects that will ripple through the ecosystem. You can try refreshing the page, and if you're still having problems, just try again later. Without trees to absorb the water & return it to the soil there will be less water in the air from the water cycle. [10] On his watch, the United States has cut greenhouse gas emissions more than any other country. The threat of "industrial development" stalks around the corner. Will you do the same? In Southeast Alaska, the Conservancy is committed to help: In recent decades, the debate over how to best manage the resources of the magnificent Tongass National Forest has often been contentious. It is a land where the forest meets the sea and as such, it supports some of the largest wild salmon populations left anywhere in the world. The Tongass is our nation's largest National Forestthe Crown Jewel. 94% of . To build roads in the Tongass would cost taxpayers up to $500,000 a mile. These productive lands and waters are the reason that the Haida, Tlingit, and Tsimshian tribes and their cultures have thrived in this region for over 10,000 years. Potential negative effects on the Tongass may be ameliorated and may be completely reversed with time, reducing or eliminating potential negative cumulative effects on carbon and climate, noted the U.S. Forest Services draft environmental impact statement (DEIS). . A proposed LNG project spanning the state would export natural gas, but could harm land, wildlife & subsistence harvests. Trees globally remove about 30% of the additional carbon dioxide that we add to the atmosphere, Law says. The Trump administrations draft environmental impact statement acknowledges the ecological importance of the Tongass National Forest in regulating global climate, but also claims that opening up the region to logging and development will not have long-lasting negative effects. Lichens adorn the trees with a mosaic of colors and textures, moss and ferns carpet the forest floor in lush green hues, and crystal-clear streams carve their way toward the Pacific Ocean. Others who support the decision cite the importance of increased road access to bolster logging, mining exploration, and renewable energy development. We've already seen wild salmon populations decline in much of western North America because of watershed deterioration, and exempting the relatively pristine Tongass National Forest from the roadless rule would adversely affect fisheries as well as recreation and tourism, which are huge elements of the economy in Southeast Alaska, Berner says. By clearing out a vast majority of Tongass National Forest will cause Tlingit, Hadia, & Tsimshian tribes to not know how to survive. In conclusion, I am asking people to stand up to The Trump Administration & not let Tongass National Forest be wiped out. Brown and black bears gorge themselves on salmon in preparation for hibernation, bald eagles feast on the spoils of these fish, and wolves even wade into the rivers to hunt for salmon. This move would allow unfettered logging and road building on one of the last remaining intact temperate rainforests in the world. If the forests are allowed to grow, they can continue to accumulate live carbon for hundreds of years, as observed in the Pacific Northwest, Law says. But its notover. 1.) One of the world's largest intact temperate rainforests and the largest natural forest in the U.S. is now open for deforestation. Its Americas last climate sanctuary.. This ancient swath of nature is part of the United States largest national forest, which is a key habitat for wild Pacific salmon and trout and boasts the highest density of brown bears in North America. Radioactive waste sickened his community. Since 2001, the Roadless Area Conservation Rule has been in place, prohibiting roadbuilding and logging in 39 states, including Alaska. Its approximately 26,560 square miles (68,790 square km), composed of (volcanic) mountainous offshore archipelagos and rugged fjord-indented coastline, include some of the . It is long past the time to take the countrys biggest carbon asset off the chopping block. Mostly, our federally managed national forests have made that change over the past 25 years. Change.org Skip to main content Start a petition My petitions Browse Membership Log in Uh oh. Everything that we are made of is part of what is around us. We cant afford to spend another 16 years or more liquidating Tongass old growth and losing the carbon reserves it stores. Ninety-six percent of Alaskans surveyed by the USDA say salmon are essential to the Alaskan way of life. Over 400 species of land & an aquatic species will lose their homes. National Corporate funding for NOVA is provided by Brilliant.org. While your ship is docked in Ketchikan, kayak around Eagle Island, part of Tongass National Forest, on this 3.5-hour guided shore excursion. | The forest was named for a Tlingit Indian group. This is Americas largest rainforest. It is teeming with life: over 400 species of terrestrial and marine wildlife, fish and shellfish abound. People will begin to see soil wash away from the land into waterways (rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, marshes, bays etc) which pollutes the water & causes fish + other aquatic species to die. Consumers such as deer, elk, moose, rabbits, squirrels, snakes, mice, mink, raccoons, & skunks will all over populate. Global sites represent either regional branches of The Nature Conservancy or local affiliates of The Nature Conservancy that are separate entities. The agency asserts that young Tongass trees growing on old clear-cuts are not yet big enough to log. The Tongass National Forests trees hold about 650 million tons of carbon, which convert to about half of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions in 2017. People live in communities that rely on the natural wealth of this forest. Charitable Solicitation Disclosures Sprawling across southeast Alaska, the landscape boasts high populations of bears, wolves, and bald eagles. Brown bear, black bear, wolves and Sitka black-tailed deer thrive in this landscape, and it is one of the planet's greatest wild salmon nurseries. Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian tribes all live right in & around Tongass National Forest. Cutting down even a section of this temperate forest can result in major ecological damage, and it will take longer to fix than destroy. Wildlife is abundant throughout the Tongass National Forest. climate scientists also point out that the tongass, which is also one of the world's largest temperate rain forests, offers an important service to the billions of people across the planet who. It is home to the Tlingit, Haida, and Tshimsian Peoples. This website uses cookies to enhance your experience and analyze performance and traffic on our website. To put into context how critical salmon are to Southeast Alaska, the USDA also noted that nearly 90% of rural households in Southeast Alaska consume salmon, and on average, a resident of Southeast Alaskas rural communities consumes 75 pounds of salmon per year, while the U.S. national average for seafood consumption is less than 15 pounds per person per year. The Tongass Timber Reform Act (TTRA) is an act that was intended to amend the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), with the primary intention to increase the protection of the Tongass National Forest from logging. The science is clear: If we want to keep global warming from threatening the existence of coastal areas and low-lying island nations, the world must preserve its remaining old forests and the massive carbon reserves theyve accumulated over the centuries. Its interface with the sea creates one of the largest, most pristine and productive estuarine systems in the world. President Trump issued a notice removing protections from half of Alaska's Tongass National Forest against timber sales and logging roads, a move that would open 9.3 million acres of the country . Tsimshian, Hadia, Tlingit tribes have been around for 5,000 to 11,000 years in Alaska. Weve always been coastal dwelling people, and the salmon are our food source, and it relies on a well-balanced old-growth forest. Less trees will cause soil erosion, flooding, & pollute waterways. The Forest Service went years with no visible progress on the transition, while approving continued clear-cutting of Americas last great rainforest. The Forest Service can and must move much faster and not undermine U.S. progress and leadership on climate change by protecting these biologically rich and most scenically stunning and carbon dense forests on Earth. In combination with British Columbia's Great Bear Rainforest immediately to the south, the region encompasses the largest intact temperate rainforest on earth. And we certainly shouldnt signal other countries that the vital business of saving their carbon-rich rainforests can wait for decades. Now, I am surrounded by the long-lasting effects of this short-sighted industrial activity, Jackson says. Tongass National Forest helps ensure clean drinking water Forests constitute a water treatment network that catches rainfall, regulates storm runoff and pulls pollution from the soil rather than allowing it to make it back to waterways. The Tongass stores approximately 8% of the total carbon stored in all national forests. Although young forests can absorb more carbon when trees are planted close to one another when they are small, researchers have found that a trees carbon absorption rate accelerates as the tree ages. Timber harvests have declined but are still important as forest management transitions to a more sustainable future. The Tongass National Forest was incorporated in the Roadless Initiative that was passed on January 5, 2001, and it happened on the last few days of the Bill Clinton Administration. The Tongass National Forest of Southeast Alaska is home to part of the Emerald Edge the largest intact temperate rainforest remaining on Earth. The Secret Life of Scientists and Engineers. The majority of the forest is considered temperate rainforest and is home to endangered and rare flora and fauna. The Organized Village of Kake is not interested in short-term profit, exploiting what we have to create gains for the next 10 to 50 years, Jackson says. The Tongass National Forest plays a significant role in managing greenhouse gas emissions since its climatic and environmental conditions are optimal for massive carbon storage. The decision to open up the Tongass to loggers could have serious implications for both the environment and the Alaska Native communities that depend on it. The implications of this system are still being felt today as many students not only suffered the loss of their language, but also their culture and identity. In Southeast Alaska, TNC and a range of partners are working to forge a new sustainable future for nature and people. Title VI Notice of Nondiscrimination | The rule has long prohibited development on 9.2 million acres of inventoried roadless areas in the Tongass. However, certain lawmakers are looking at the option of lifting the rule for specific parts of Alaska,and sell it to anyone in the world who wants to come to Alaska for the purpose of farming. Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law. The Trump administration followed through on its threat to propose expanded logging on America's largest national forest today. Which means that forests made up of ancient treeslike the temperate rainforest of the Tongassare comparable to the Fort Knox of carbon, Law noted. But in the wilds of Alaska, its a different story. Year. Buy Stop Deforestation Save the Tongass Tank Top: Shop top fashion brands Tanks & Camis at Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY and Returns possible on eligible purchases ESRI geodatabase (5MB). Youve already signed up with this email address. The Tongass National Forest, the world's largest intact temperate rainforest, sustains Indigenous communities. In late October, President Trump announced plans to open up more than half of Alaskas 17 million acre Tongass National Forest to logging and other forms of development, downgrading safeguards that had protected it for nearly two decades. "With the Trump administration's help, the devastating Clinton-era roadless rule may soon be history, and the Tongass restored to a managed multiuse forest as it was always intended," Alaska Gov. At 17 million acres, this magnificent landscape of western hemlock, Sitka spruce, western red cedar and yellow cedar trees is part of the world's largest remaining intact temperate rainforest, and hosts some of the rarest ecosystems on the planet. The Nature Conservancy is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax identification number 53-0242652) under Section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. This fall, the agency released its final transition proposal: 16 more years of old-growth clear-cutting, and maybe more. They also agreed to take steps to combat it, including promoting forest protection and reforestation steps that are necessary, though not in themselves sufficient, if we are to avoid consequences as extreme for our economies and health as they are for the environment. Sitka blacktail deer and its two main predators, wolf and brown bear, are found here. All five species of Pacific Salmon, as well as Steelhead and Trout, fill the ocean and streams and feed the forests. However, with this freshwater no longer in 'storage', the surrounding areas, being the Tongass National Forest, has become prime farmland. Desert people are just different; they were born tosurvive. This layer is comprised of the FY2020 SSURGO polylines for all areas except the south half of Kruzof Island, which the NRCS has not . A rollback of federal protections puts more than half of it at risk. It is important to note the difference between old growth and new growth forests. But Indigenous residents tend toward the upper end of that range since fish, particularly salmon, play a crucial role in many tribes cultural heritage. We need to be doing everything we can right now. The dense canopy of this misty Alaskan wilderness is made up of towering western hemlock, red and yellow cedar, and Sitka spruce trees, some of which are between 300 and 1,000 years old. The good news is the vegetation biomass is vast, but the better news is the soils are even more effective than trees at carbon storage. They will always remember that number because it was the first time a new identity had been placed upon them. Image Credit: Phillip Gladkov. The server is misbehaving. The Tongass National Forest is the largest national forest in the United States, spanning 17 million acres in Southeast Alaska. Fish & Wildlife Service and others, it allows us to literally map out the answers to questions about forestry, timber supply, wildlife management, salmon streams and more. We may have detected a typo. | This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. Due to the world's warming temperatures, Alaska's famous glaciers are melting. The Tongass National Forest covers most of Southeast Alaska and the Inside Passage, and offers an astounding view of 'wild' Alaska; lush rainforests, magnificent glaciers and icefields, mountains, waterways and thousands of islands. In published 2004 figures, average costs for logging on the Tongass were $137 per thousand board feet (mbf), and revenues were $42.54 per mbf. It is now also at the center of a bitter battle between those . We will be working to meet with his transition team to discuss these matters and make sure he follows through, Jackson says. storing more carbon per acre in its centuries-old trees than almost any other forest on the planet. In fact, though, they are older and larger than the ones that local Native corporation loggers cut and sell abroad, and small local mills say they would be happy to process these trees locally, if they could get them from the agency. The five species of salmon that the Indigenous first peoples of Alaska harvest and preserve are built into a complex distribution system based on 10,000 years of tradition, and represent a core element of their social gatherings. The Nature Conservancy analysis also identifies important, intact salmon watersheds that are critical to fisheries and merit special protection. Forest/Grassland. Most of the forest is temperate rainforest, and it's filled with a wide variety of wildlife. Kootznoowoo means "Bear Fort" or "Fortress of the Bears," and its forests . It results in our people staying lost, and not being able to reconnect with who we are.. 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